One is a single-precursor strategy using either K 4 or K 3, and the other one is a double-precursor strategy using equivalently mixed 4−/ 3− and Fe III/Fe II solution 15, 16. Generally, two chemical strategies are used for PB synthesis. Recent studies also showed its superior photothermal conversion ability as a promising preclinical photothermal agent 13, 14. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of radioactive exposure ( ). In 2003, PB capsule, namely Radiogardase, was approved by U.S. Since the inception of Diesbach in 1706, PB has been well-studied and widely used as a pigment. The parent Prussian blue (PB) is mixed-valence cyanide of iron in its Fe II and Fe III oxidation states with a formula of Fe III 4 3 Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) are a class of microporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) 12. Although with promises, there are still some challenges, such as complicated procedures and large-scale manufacturing, in terms of clinical translation. Recently, biological membrane-involved nanotechnology has been widely used in fabricating nanoplatforms for drug delivery, immune manipulation, and cancer treatment 9, 10, 11. The natural world provides a host of materials and inspiration for the field of nanomedicine. For instance, photo-based hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been reported to induce immunogenic cell death for enhanced tumor immunogenicity 7, 8. Cancer nanomedicine, in combination with immunotherapy, offers great potential to amplify antitumor immune responses and sensitize tumors to immunotherapy in a safe and effective manner 6. However, clinical data suggest that only a small fraction (10–30%) of patients respond to the ICB 5. For instance, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) can be applied to durably eliminate tumors by inhibiting intrinsic down-regulators of immunity, thus boosting the therapeutic efficacy 4. Collectively, the present study demonstrates biological precipitation synthetic strategy of targeted nanoparticles holds great potential for the preparation of microbial membrane-based nanoplatforms to boost antitumor immunity.Ĭancer immunotherapy has been revolutionizing oncology and demonstrating varying degrees of success in certain solid cancers 1, 2, 3. In two tumor-bearing mouse models using female mice, MiBaMc triggered phototherapy synergizes with anti-PDL1 blocking antibody for enhanced tumor inhibition. The released tumor antigens subsequently promote the maturation of dendritic cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes, eliciting T cell-mediated immune response. We find that MiBaMc specifically targets mitochondria and induces amplified photo-damages and immunogenic cell death of tumor cells under light irradiation. We present a mitochondria-targeting nanoplatform, MiBaMc, which consists of Prussian blue decorated bacteria membrane fragments having further modifications with chlorin e6 and triphenylphosphine. Here, electrochemically active Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 can be applied to produce FDA-approved Prussian blue nanoparticles on a large-scale. The marriage of nanotechnology and immunotherapy offers a great opportunity to amplify antitumor immune response in a safe and effective manner. Cancer immunotherapy is revolutionizing oncology.
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